by Matthew Clark
During the 1960 Presidential campaign, a group of Protestant Ministers in Georgia put their names to an advertisement declaring that they could not vote for John F. Kennedy because he was a Catholic. One of the signatories was Dr. martin Luther King Sr. "Daddy King," the father of the civil rights leader was like a lot of traditional protestants, white and black. He viewed catholics with suspicion and hostility.
Shortly before election day, Wofford was alone with Kennedy. The future president said," Did you see what Martins father said? He was going to vote against me because I was a Catholic, but since I called his daughter in law, he will vote for me. That was a hell of a bigoted statement, wasn't it? Imagine Martin Luther King having a bigot for a father!"
The War On Catholics, American Heritage Magazine, by Steven Waldman
President Abraham Lincoln ordered the largest mass execution of indigenous people in American history, following the 1862 uprising of hungry Dakota in Minnesota, and suspiciously speedy trials. He also issued the largest commutation of executions in American History for the same acts.
Micheal S. Green, Lincoln and Native Americans, Southern Illinois University Press, 2021
Lincoln was largely uninformed and reactionary on Native American issues and defaulted policies set by his predeccesors writes University of Texas historian Thomas Britten. That meant making and breaking treaties, confiscating ancestral lands, forcing removal, pushing cultural assimulation and, at times, turning a blind eye to acts of genocide committed by the military on the western frontier.
Each tribe or band shall have the right to possess, occupy, and use reserve land allotted to it, as long as grass shall grow and water run and the reserves shall be their own property like their horses and cattle- Article 5 of the Treaty with the Comanches and other tribes and bands, 12 August 1861 ( treaty between Confederate States of America and Native Americans)
There was, however the common history of the use of slavery that the CSA shared with the tribes. Each of the Five Civilized Tribe Treaties-as well as those with the Osage, the Seneca, and the Seneca and Shawnee, and the Quapaw-contained a statement regarding the practice.
treatiesportal.un/edu/csaindiantreaties/
The Cherokee Nation recently stripped citzenship from a majority of African Americans who descended from slaves of wealthy Cherokee Indians before the civil war.
September 20, 2011 by NPR staff
The alleged bestowal of this name (on Black Americans) "Buffalo Soldiers" as a sign of respect by Indian warriors has not gone unchallenged. The most serious objection has come from contemporary Native American Leaders, who were angered over the publicity attending the issue of a Buffalo Soldier postage stamp in 1994 and resented the suggestion that there was some special bond between the soldiers and their warring ancestors. The first salvo of dissent came from Vernon Bellecourt of the American Indian movement. Writing in the weekly Indian Country Today, a reliable forum for objections to glorification of "Buffalo Soldiers," Bellecourt denied that the name reflected any "endearment or respect." As far as he was concerned, Plains Indians only applied the term Buffalo Soldiers to "these marauding murderous cavalry units" because of "their dark skin and texture of hair."
On the other side it is worth noting, black soldiers writing in pension requests and veteran newspapers showed no signs of a special regard for indians. They used the same dismissive epithets-"hostile tribes," "naked savages," and "redskins,"- and the same racist caricatures employed by whites.
Blackpast, The Myth of the Buffalo Soldier, December 19, 2009, by Frank Schubert
On 4 August, 1972, Ugandan President Idi Amin, ordered the expulsion of the country's South Asian population and gave them 90 days to leave the country. He denounced the minority as economic bloodsuckers and warned that any remaining after the deadline risked being in imprisoned in camps. Estimates of the number of Ugandan South Asians subject to Amin's announcement vary, ranging from 55,000 to up to 80,000.
lords library-parliament u.k./ugandan-asians-50-years-since-their-expulsion-from-uganda/
Guyana's (South Asian) Government, in a history of a country with decades of tension between Afro and Indo Guyanese, had long been demanding that the Afro villagers who had occuppied the area for generations, accept being re-located.
Caribbean Life, January 12, 2023, by Bert Wilkinson.
The Chinese government likes to tout China-Africa anti-colonial solidarity and unity, but at the same time ignores pervasive hate speech against Black people on the Chinese Internet, said Yaqui Wang, senior China researcher of Human Rights Watch.
August 16, 2023 Human Rights Watch
Violence against (Oriental) Asian Americans is in fact a diverse and majority-minority affair, with the 2019 Bureau of Justice statistics (BJS) report showing that 27.5 percent of violent crimes targeting an Asian victim are black and only(?) 24.1 percent are white.
May 2021 by Wilfred Reilly
Just based on this small sampling of past events it appears that prejudice, and racism are a universal characteristic of human beings. It seems logical that the best way to combat this counter productive trait is to see everyone predominantlyas an individual. Politically, Legally, and Socially that means the maximum recognition of individual rights.
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